Composting is an easy way to reuse materials and their byproducts (trees, leaves, manure) and generate rich soil. This process can minimize waste materials being thrown in landfills and at the same time provide a natural fertilizer at home. One popular type of
What Is Anaerobic Composting?
Anaerobic composting is done through fermentation using no or limited oxygen. It relies on anaerobic microbes to decompose the materials. This decomposition process produces methane gases and hydrogen sulfide which release a strong sulfur-like smell. As anaerobic composting is a low-temperature process, pathogens and weed seeds are not killed in the process. The pathogens will disappear slowly over time in the unfavorable environment. Factors that determine the composting duration and success include the types of nitrogen-rich materials, the surface area used, the moisture content of the pile, and the amount of oxygen present.
Anaerobic Composting Materials
For anaerobic composting, choose nitrogen-rich materials. Examples of nitrogen compostable materials are non-fatty kitchen scraps, houseplant clippings, tea bags, egg shells, human or pet hair, small amounts of wood ash or grass clippings, and untreated paper towels, napkins or tissue. It’s best to not include organic materials like meat, bones, animal fat or oil, and dairy products. Anaerobic composting also thrives with a limited amount of carbon-rich materials like leaves and wood yard trimmings.
Anaerobic Composting Process
Anaerobic composting requires little work as you need only to pile up the materials in the bin, wet the pile, cover it with a lid, and wait for the compost to be ready for use.
If you have yard space, you can set aside a small area for your anaerobic compost. The greater the surface area for the microorganisms to thrive in means the faster the decomposing process. Look for a large bin with a lid, preferably those that have more than a 35 gallon capacity. Remove the bottom of the bin. Dig about 6-12 inches deep and place the bin firmly in the pit. You may fortify the bottom of the hole with bird wire to keep out scavengers but allow earthworms to enter and enrich your compost.
Once you have set up the bin, you can begin adding materials to your anaerobic compost pile. Add enough water to keep the moisture content at 40 – 75%. Cover the bin and refrain from opening and closing the bin frequently to promote the anaerobic microbe activity, limiting it to no more than twice a week. Maintain the moisture level by watering at least once a month. Unlike aerobic composting, do not turn the pile since this would be incorporating oxygen into the pile and only prolong the decomposing process.
Anaerobic composting generally takes about three months to fully mature. The resulting compost may look dark and slimy, but it is filled with nutrients that are beneficial for the soil and for your plants. Once the decomposing process has been completed, it should be allowed to dry and aerate for 6 months to a year to allow for the elimination of pathogens and promote ideal compost composition to be harvested.
